velero迁移集群
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velero迁移集群

一、 背景

Kubernetes 集群备份是一大难点。虽然可以通过etcd来进行备份来实现K8S集群备份，但是这种备份很难恢复单个 Namespace。

对于K8s集群数据的备份和恢复，以及复制当前集群数据到其他集群等都非常方便。可以在两个集群间克隆应用和命名空间，来创建一个临时性的开发环境。

二、 Velero概述

Velero 是一个云原生的灾难恢复和迁移工具，它本身也是开源的, 采用 Go 语言编写，可以安全的备份、恢复和迁移Kubernetes集群资源和持久卷。

Velero 是西班牙语，意思是帆船，非常符合 Kubernetes 社区的命名风格。Velero 的开发公司 Heptio，之前已被 VMware 收购，其创始人2014就职于Google，当时被认为是 Kubernetes 核心成员。

Velero 是一种云原生的Kubernetes优化方法，支持标准的K8S集群，既可以是私有云平台也可以是公有云。除了灾备之外它还能做资源移转，支持把容器应用从一个集群迁移到另一个集群。

Heptio Velero ( 以前的名字为 ARK) 是一款用于 Kubernetes 集群资源和持久存储卷（PV）的备份、迁移以及灾难恢复等的开源工具。

使用velero可以对集群进行备份和恢复，降低集群DR造成的影响。velero的基本原理就是将集群的数据备份到对象存储中，在恢复的时候将数据从对象存储中拉取下来。可以从官方文档查看可接收的对象存储，本地存储可以使用Minio。下面演示使用velero将openstack上的openshift集群备份恢复到阿里云的openshift上。

三、备份过程

  1. 本地 Velero 客户端发送备份指令。
  2. Kubernetes 集群内就会创建一个 Backup 对象。
  3. BackupController 监测 Backup 对象并开始备份过程。
  4. BackupController 会向 API Server 查询相关数据。
  5. BackupController 将查询到的数据备份到远端的对象存储。

Velero 组件一共分两部分，分别是服务端和客户端。

  • 服务端：运行在你 Kubernetes 的集群中
  • 客户端：是一些运行在本地的命令行的工具，需要已配置好 kubectl 及集群 kubeconfig 的机器上

四、备份——minio

1 下载velero

wget https://github.com/vmware-tanzu/velero/releases/download/v1.4.2/velero-v1.4.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf velero-v1.4.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2 安装minio

或者本地文件单点部署minio

安装minio的时候

MINIO_ACCESS_KEY：minio

MINIO_SECRET_KEY：minio123

service的地址为：http://minio:9000，类型为ClusterIP，我们可以映射为NodePort查看

最后执行了一个job来创建一个名称为：velero/velero的bucket，在创建的时候适应了。

cd velero-v1.4.2-linux-amd64
[root@master velero-v1.4.2-linux-amd64]# cat examples/minio/00-minio-deployment.yaml 
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: velero

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  namespace: velero
  name: minio
  labels:
    component: minio
spec:
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      component: minio
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        component: minio
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: storage
        emptyDir: {}
      - name: config
        emptyDir: {}
      containers:
      - name: minio
        image: minio/minio:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        args:
        - server
        - /storage
        - --config-dir=/config
        env:
        - name: MINIO_ACCESS_KEY
          value: "minio"
        - name: MINIO_SECRET_KEY
          value: "minio123"
        ports:
        - containerPort: 9000
        volumeMounts:
        - name: storage
          mountPath: "/storage"
        - name: config
          mountPath: "/config"

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  namespace: velero
  name: minio
  labels:
    component: minio
spec:
  # ClusterIP is recommended for production environments.
  # Change to NodePort if needed per documentation,
  # but only if you run Minio in a test/trial environment, for example with Minikube.
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - port: 9000
      targetPort: 9000
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    component: minio

---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  namespace: velero
  name: minio-setup
  labels:
    component: minio
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: minio-setup
    spec:
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      volumes:
      - name: config
        emptyDir: {}
      containers:
      - name: mc
        image: minio/mc:latest
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command:
        - /bin/sh
        - -c
        - "mc --config-dir=/config config host add velero http://minio:9000 minio minio123 && mc --config-dir=/config mb -p velero/velero"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config
          mountPath: "/config"

安装

[root@master velero-v1.4.2-linux-amd64]# kubectl apply -f examples/minio/00-minio-deployment.yaml 
namespace/velero created
deployment.apps/minio created
service/minio created
job.batch/minio-setup created
[root@master velero-v1.4.2-linux-amd64]# kubectl get all -n velero 
NAME                       READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
pod/minio-fdd868c5-xv52k   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          14s
pod/minio-setup-hktjb      0/1     ContainerCreating   0          14s

NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
service/minio   ClusterIP   10.233.39.204   <none>        9000/TCP   14s

NAME                    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/minio   0/1     1            0           14s

NAME                             DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
replicaset.apps/minio-fdd868c5   1         1         0       14s

NAME                    COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
job.batch/minio-setup   0/1           14s        14s

待服务都已经启动完毕，可以登录minio查看velero/velero的bucket是否创建成功。

修改svc，登录查看

[root@master velero-v1.4.2-linux-amd64]# kubectl get svc -n velero minio 
NAME    TYPE       CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
minio   NodePort   10.233.39.204   <none>        9000:30401/TCP   2m26s

img

3 安装velero

3.1 创建密钥

安装velero需要创建能正常登录minio的密钥

cat > credentials-velero <<EOF
[default]
aws_access_key_id = minio
aws_secret_access_key = minio123
EOF
# 安装velero
cp velero /usr/bin/

3.2 K8s集群安装velero

# 启用快速补全
velero completion bash

velero install \
     --provider aws \
     --plugins velero/velero-plugin-for-aws:v1.0.0 \
     --bucket velero \
     --secret-file ./credentials-velero \
     --use-volume-snapshots=false \
     --backup-location-config region=minio,s3ForcePathStyle="true",s3Url=http://minio.velero.svc:9000

[root@master velero-v1.4.2-linux-amd64]# velero install      --provider aws      --plugins velero/velero-plugin-for-aws:v1.0.0      --bucket velero      --secret-file ./credentials-velero      --use-volume-snapshots=false      --backup-location-config region=minio,s3ForcePathStyle="true",s3Url=http://minio.velero.svc:9000
CustomResourceDefinition/backups.velero.io: attempting to create resource
CustomResourceDefinition/backups.velero.io: created
CustomResourceDefinition/backupstoragelocations.velero.io: attempting to create resource
CustomResourceDefinition/backupstoragelocations.velero.io: created
CustomResourceDefinition/deletebackuprequests.velero.io: attempting to create resource
CustomResourceDefinition/deletebackuprequests.velero.io: created
CustomResourceDefinition/downloadrequests.velero.io: attempting to create resource
CustomResourceDefinition/downloadrequests.velero.io: created
CustomResourceDefinition/podvolumebackups.velero.io: attempting to create resource
CustomResourceDefinition/podvolumebackups.velero.io: created
CustomResourceDefinition/podvolumerestores.velero.io: attempting to create resource
CustomResourceDefinition/podvolumerestores.velero.io: created
CustomResourceDefinition/resticrepositories.velero.io: attempting to create resource
CustomResourceDefinition/resticrepositories.velero.io: created
CustomResourceDefinition/restores.velero.io: attempting to create resource
CustomResourceDefinition/restores.velero.io: created
CustomResourceDefinition/schedules.velero.io: attempting to create resource
CustomResourceDefinition/schedules.velero.io: created
CustomResourceDefinition/serverstatusrequests.velero.io: attempting to create resource
CustomResourceDefinition/serverstatusrequests.velero.io: created
CustomResourceDefinition/volumesnapshotlocations.velero.io: attempting to create resource
CustomResourceDefinition/volumesnapshotlocations.velero.io: created
Waiting for resources to be ready in cluster...
Namespace/velero: attempting to create resource
Namespace/velero: already exists, proceeding
Namespace/velero: created
ClusterRoleBinding/velero: attempting to create resource
ClusterRoleBinding/velero: created
ServiceAccount/velero: attempting to create resource
ServiceAccount/velero: created
Secret/cloud-credentials: attempting to create resource
Secret/cloud-credentials: created
BackupStorageLocation/default: attempting to create resource
BackupStorageLocation/default: created
Deployment/velero: attempting to create resource
Deployment/velero: created
Velero is installed! ⛵ Use 'kubectl logs deployment/velero -n velero' to view the status.

[root@master velero-v1.4.2-linux-amd64]# kubectl api-versions |grep velero
velero.io/v1

[root@master velero-v1.4.2-linux-amd64]# kubectl get pod -n velero
NAME                      READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
minio-fdd868c5-xv52k      1/1     Running     0          56m
minio-setup-hktjb         0/1     Completed   0          56m
velero-56fbc5d69c-8v2q7   1/1     Running     0          32m

简易命令：
velero  install      --provider aws      --plugins velero/velero-plugin-for-aws:v1.3.1      --bucket velero-test      --secret-file ./credentials-velero      --use-volume-snapshots=false      --backup-location-config region=minio-tools,s3ForcePathStyle="true",s3Url=http://10.110.16.101:30900（本地工具环境minio，可以和其他环境网络互通）

至此velero就已经全部部署完成。

4 velero命令

$ velero create backup NAME [flags]

# 剔除 namespace
--exclude-namespaces stringArray                  namespaces to exclude from the backup

# 剔除资源类型
--exclude-resources stringArray                   resources to exclude from the backup, formatted as resource.group, such as storageclasses.storage.k8s.io

# 包含集群资源类型 
--include-cluster-resources optionalBool[=true]   include cluster-scoped resources in the backup

# 包含 namespace
--include-namespaces stringArray                  namespaces to include in the backup (use '*' for all namespaces) (default *)

# 包含 namespace 资源类型
--include-resources stringArray                   resources to include in the backup, formatted as resource.group, such as storageclasses.storage.k8s.io (use '*' for all resources)

# 给这个备份加上标签
--labels mapStringString                          labels to apply to the backup
-o, --output string                               Output display format. For create commands, display the object but do not send it to the server. Valid formats are 'table', 'json', and 'yaml'. 'table' is not valid for the install command.

# 对指定标签的资源进行备份
-l, --selector labelSelector                      only back up resources matching this label selector (default <none>)

# 对 PV 创建快照
--snapshot-volumes optionalBool[=true]            take snapshots of PersistentVolumes as part of the backup

# 指定备份的位置
--storage-location string                         location in which to store the backup

# 备份数据多久删掉

--ttl duration                                    how long before the backup can be garbage collected (default 720h0m0s)

# 指定快照的位置，也就是哪一个公有云驱动
--volume-snapshot-locations strings               list of locations (at most one per provider) where volume snapshots should be stored

#修改velero 存储的velero-test 的bucket
kubectl edit backupstoragelocations.velero.io -n velero default
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